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Lesson 2 · 10 min

Vectors and dot products — the intuition

Three things to internalize: vectors are arrows, dot products measure alignment, distances measure dissimilarity.

Vector = list of numbers + geometry

A vector in 768 dimensions is just 768 numbers. The geometry — direction and length — is in your head. Useful for:

  • Embeddings of text or images
  • Model weights
  • Gradients
  • Probability distributions